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Polypropylene (PP)
Properties: Chemically resistant, autoclavable (for EtO, gamma sterilization), low cost.
Applications: Syringes, IV bottles, suction tubes, medical packaging.
Polyethylene (PE)
HDPE (High-Density): Rigid and impact-resistant—used in medicine bottles, joint implants.
LDPE (Low-Density): Flexible—common in IV bags, catheter coatings.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Properties: Transparent, easy to process, but may contain plasticizers (e.g., DEHP).
Applications: Blood bags, oxygen masks (phthalate-free alternatives are trending).
Polycarbonate (PC)
Properties: High clarity, impact-resistant, steam-sterilizable.
Applications: Dialysis equipment, surgical tools, face shields.
Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
Properties: High strength, heat-resistant, radiolucent, excellent biocompatibility.
Applications: Spinal implants, dental prosthetics, trauma fixation devices.
Polysulfones (PSU/PESU)
Properties: Hydrolysis-resistant, transparent, reusable after sterilization.
Applications: Surgical instrument handles, hemodialysis filters.
Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE/TPU)
Properties: Soft, fatigue-resistant, silicone alternative.
Applications: Catheters, respiratory masks, heart valve components.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Properties: Chemically inert, low friction, but difficult to process.
Applications: Vascular graft coatings, stent linings.
Polylactic Acid (PLA) & Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Properties: Biodegradable, used for temporary implants (e.g., absorbable sutures).
Silicone Rubber
Properties: Non-toxic, wide temperature range, but low strength.
Applications: Urinary catheters, breast implants, infant feeding nipples.
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Properties: Optical clarity—used in intraocular lenses (IOLs), dentures.
Biocompatibility: Must meet ISO 10993 or USP Class VI standards.
Sterilization Method:
Ethylene Oxide (EtO): Best for PP, PE.
Autoclaving: Suitable for PC, PEEK.
Gamma Radiation: Avoid PC (may discolor).
Transparency Needs: PC or PSU for devices requiring visibility.
Cost Efficiency: PP/PVC for disposables; PEEK for implants.
Disposable Syringes: PP (cost-effective, sterilizable).
Artificial Joints: PEEK or UHMWPE (wear-resistant).
IV Bags: PVC (traditional) or TPE (phthalate-free trend).
Choosing the right material ensures safety, performance, and regulatory compliance. If you need specific recommendations, consider the device’s function (e.g., blood contact, long-term implantation).
